A single-layer PCB is manufactured using a subtractive etching process with ferric chloride. The circuit pattern is protected by a resist while exposed copper is chemically removed. After etching and resist removal, the remaining copper forms the PCB tracks.

A CNC lathe is a precision machine that shapes cylindrical parts by rotating the workpiece and removing material using cutting tools. It operates automatically using computer-controlled G-code, ensuring high accuracy and repeatability. Common operations include turning, facing, threading, drilling, grooving, and boring.

A CNC milling machine is a precision tool that removes material using a rotating multi-point cutting tool controlled by a computer program. The workpiece is fixed on a table that moves along multiple axes (X, Y, and Z) as per G-code instructions. It performs operations like face milling, slotting, drilling, pocketing, contouring, and tapping with high accuracy.

A CNC router is an automated machine that cuts, carves, and engraves materials using a computer-controlled rotating tool moving along the X, Y, and Z axes. It is widely used in woodworking, furniture, sign making, PCB machining, and can machine wood, plastics, acrylics, aluminum, and composites.

An FDM 3D printer is an additive manufacturing machine that builds objects layer by layer by extruding molten thermoplastic through a heated nozzle. The filament melts in the extruder and is deposited on the build platform as per G-code, forming the final part layer by layer.

Laser engraving is a non-contact process that uses a focused high-intensity laser beam to permanently mark or engrave surfaces. It is CNC-controlled for high precision and is widely used on metals, plastics, wood, glass, leather, ceramics, and coated materials.

The Robotic Automation and IoT sections train students in industrial robots, automation programming, sensors, microcontrollers, and smart connected systems. The Electrical Technology section focuses on sustainable energy using solar panels, battery storage, inverters, and wind energy models.

The Electrical Technology – Sustainable Energy section is a lab where students learn about renewable energy systems like solar, wind, battery storage, and energy management. It provides hands-on experience with panels, inverters, and controllers, helping students understand clean energy generation and sustainable power usage.

The 3D printer extruder filament collecting system guides and stores the filament smoothly for continuous feeding during printing. It prevents tangling and ensures consistent material flow to maintain print quality.

The image shows a prototype electric car with an open tubular chassis, lightweight body, and compact four-wheel design. It demonstrates an educational electric vehicle model highlighting electric drivetrain components, battery placement, and sustainable mobility concepts.

An electric bicycle combines a traditional bicycle with an electric motor and battery to assist pedaling. It offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective mode of transport with reduced effort and energy consumption.

An autonomous vehicle is a self-driving system that uses sensors, cameras, and AI to navigate without human intervention. It improves safety, efficiency, and mobility by making intelligent driving decisions in real time.

An incubator is a controlled environment system used to maintain optimal temperature and conditions for growth or development. It is commonly used in laboratories, agriculture, and startups for hatching, research, and innovation support.

A solar tree is a smart structure that holds multiple solar panels arranged like tree branches to capture maximum sunlight. It generates clean, renewable energy while saving space and promoting sustainable power solutions.

A tracking system monitors the real-time location or movement of objects, vehicles, or people using sensors and communication technologies. It improves safety, security, and efficiency in applications like logistics, transportation, and asset management.

The image shows a detailed architectural model of the Ramappa Temple in Telangana, highlighting its intricate stepped design and pillar structure. It represents the rich Kakatiya-era craftsmanship and the temple’s historical and cultural significance.

A shadow solar panel tracking system uses the shadow position to automatically align the panel toward the sun. It improves energy efficiency by maximizing sunlight exposure throughout the day.

A solar panel cleaning robot automatically removes dust and debris from panel surfaces without manual effort. It improves power generation efficiency and reduces maintenance time and water usage..

A vending machine is an automated device that dispenses products like snacks, drinks, or essentials after receiving payment. It provides quick, convenient, and self-service purchasing in public and commercial spaces.